بررسی منافع محیط زیستی و اقتصادی مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM)

ملخص المقالة :

در سال‌های اخیر، اهمیت توسعه و اجرای برنامه‌های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) به دلیل چالش‌های محیط زیستی ناشی از مصرف آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی افزایش یافته است. IPM به عنوان یک رویکرد جامع و پایدار، با ترکیب روش‌های زیستی، مکانیکی، زراعی و شیمیایی، سبب کاهش وابستگی به آفت‌كش‌هاي شیمیایی و حفظ تعادل بوم شناختی می‌شود. منافع اقتصادی و محیط زیستی مدیریت تلفیقی آفات قابل توجه است. از مهم‌ترین مزایای این روش می‌توان به کاهش هزینه‌های تولید، افزایش کیفیت و بازدهی محصولات، امنیت غذایی، کاهش آلودگی منابع طبیعی، حفظ تنوع زیستی و افزایش ایمنی گونه‌های غیرهدف اشاره کرد. این مزایا را می‌توان به صورت ارزش اقتصادی بیان کرد و با محاسبه ارزش اقتصادی برنامه‌های  IPM، گام‌های مؤثری برای شناسایی منافع و کاربرد وسیع‌تر آن‌ها برداشت. با وجود مزایای متعدد IPM، چالش‌هایی در مسیر اجرای این برنامه‌ها وجود دارد. کمبود آگاهی کشاورزان، زیرساخت‌های ناکافی و تمایل به استفاده از روش‌های سنتی از مهم‌ترین موانع هستند. برای غلبه بر این چالش‌ها، ارائه برنامه‌های آموزشی برای آگاهی از اهمیت IPM و سیاست‌های حمایتی ضروری است. این بررسی با ارائه شواهد علمی و داده‌های موردی، بر نقش و اهمیت مدیریت تلفیقی آفات، به عنوان ابزاری کارآمد برای کاهش پیامدهای منفی ‌محیط زیستی مصرف آفت‌کش‌ها و ارزیابی عوامل و مدل‌های اقتصادی مؤثر بر منافع محیط زیستی در مسیر اجرای برنامه‌های IPM، تأکید دارد.

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